Coral reefs, the pillars of marine biodiversity, are now in danger. Through our online Masterclass, you will discover the fascinating history of coral reefs, from their place in ancient mythologies to their importance to scientists today. You will also learn how these vital ecosystems are evolving, the threats they face and the solutions to protect them. Here is a preview of what you will discover in this training.
Human and coral
Mythology
Since ancient times, coral reefs have inspired myths and legends. In some cultures, coral was considered a magical stone, capable of protecting against evil spirits. It was often used as a talisman and symbol of eternal life.
Religions and beliefs
In some religions, coral is a sacred element. For example, in Buddhism, red coral represents wisdom and spiritual transformation. Its connection to the ocean and its mysteries has fueled beliefs throughout the ages.
Arrival of science
With the advent of modern science, coral has gone from being a mere object of fascination to a subject of important study. Researchers have discovered that coral reefs are not simple rock structures, but complex, interconnected ecosystems.
Coral in evolution
Coral reefs have existed for millions of years and have evolved over time. Today, they are a key indicator of the health of the oceans. In this section of the Masterclass, you will understand why coral is a fundamental element in the evolution of marine ecosystems.
Introduction to Coral Reef Ecology
What is a coral reef?
A coral reef is a structure formed by the accumulation of colonies of corals, which are living organisms. They create complex habitats that are home to thousands of marine species.
Where are coral reefs found and what types do they belong to?
Coral reefs are found mainly in tropical waters, but they can also be found in colder regions. Fringing, barrier and atoll reefs are the three main types of reefs.
Aside on Cold Water Coral Reefs
Did you know that there are cold water coral reefs, at depths of up to several thousand meters? Although they are less studied, these reefs also play a crucial role in marine ecosystems.
Coral biology
How is a coral structured?
Coral is a living organism composed of thousands of polyps, which group together to form a colony. These polyps produce a calcareous skeleton which is the base of the reef.
What is the anatomical structure of coral?
Coral polyps have a cylindrical body with a mouth surrounded by tentacles. These tentacles are used to capture food particles in the water.
What is the role of polyps?
Polyps play a key role in reef building. They produce the calcium carbonate that forms the structure of the reef. They also participate in coral nutrition by capturing plankton.
How is the calcareous skeleton of corals formed?
The calcareous skeleton is formed when polyps secrete calcium carbonate. This hard skeleton protects the corals and provides support for the entire colony.
How do corals reproduce?
Corals reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction occurs by releasing eggs and sperm into the water, while asexual reproduction involves cloning polyps.
What is the symbiosis between corals and zooxanthellae?
Zooxanthellae are microscopic algae that live in symbiosis with corals. They provide energy to corals through photosynthesis, while corals provide them with shelter.
What factors influence coral growth and health?
Water temperature, light, pH and nutrients in the ocean directly influence coral growth.
What is coral fluorescence?
Fluorescence is a phenomenon where corals emit light when exposed to certain types of radiation. This mechanism could help corals protect their tissues from environmental stress.
The threats
What are the threats to coral reefs?
Coral reefs are threatened by global warming, pollution, ocean acidification and overfishing.
Global threats?
Global warming is the world's biggest threat. It causes coral bleaching, a destructive phenomenon for reefs.
Local threats?
Water pollution, deforestation and unsustainable fishing are local factors that seriously affect the reefs.
Immersion in an Indonesian fishing village totally dependent on the coral reef
In some villages, coral reefs are a source of life and livelihood. This immersion will allow you to better understand the importance of these ecosystems for local communities.
Protection, conservation and management of coral reefs
What strategies exist for the conservation of coral reefs?
Sustainable resource management and the creation of marine protected areas are essential strategies for reef preservation.
What is the role of marine protected areas in the conservation of coral reefs?
Marine protected areas limit human activities that damage reefs, such as intensive fishing and unregulated tourism.
How is coral reef restoration implemented?
Restoration projects, such as coral transplantation or natural reef regeneration, are underway to save these ecosystems.
Immersion in the coral reef conservation program on Hatamin Island - Indonesia
This program will show you how conservation efforts are restoring damaged coral reefs, while involving local communities.
Scientific references
Wilkinson, C. (2008). Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2008 . Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network.
Hughes, TP, et al. (2017). Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals . Nature, 543(7645), 373-377.
Pandolfi, JM, et al. (2011). Projecting coral reef futures under global warming and ocean acidification . Science, 333(6041), 418-422.
